By Dr. Son Tran
Having lived and worked in Cobleskill for several years, I have come to appreciate both the strengths and the challenges of transportation in our region. For my wife and me, driving through Upstate New York is often a genuine pleasure. The scenery—rolling hills, forests, farmland, and dramatic seasonal changes—makes even routine trips visually rewarding. At the same time, these drives can be challenging, particularly at night and during winter, when road conditions make navigation difficult even for attentive and cautious drivers.
This challenge became especially clear during our drive from Albany to Cobleskill last week. The trip itself was routine, and weather conditions were typical for the season. Yet the drive felt unusually tense—not because of traffic volume or speed, but because the road lacked clear visual guidance. With lane markings partially obscured and few reflective cues to define the roadway, it was difficult to confidently “read” the road ahead. The tension came not from fear, but from uncertainty—an experience many drivers in our region would likely recognize. This points to an issue that deserves more public attention: nighttime and winter driving challenges are not only about accident prevention, but also about traffic efficiency, driver confidence, and quality of life.
As someone who recently returned to driving with a new license, I have had firsthand experience navigating local and regional roads at night. What I have observed is not a matter of individual driving habits, but a shared reality—especially for new drivers, older adults, and those who must travel after dark for work or family responsibilities. A clear example is the route between Albany and Cobleskill. Although the posted speed limit on much of this roadway is 65 miles per hour, actual speeds during nighttime or snowy conditions often drop to around 40 miles per hour. This is not an isolated behavior; many vehicles travel at similarly reduced speeds. The result is a mismatch between the road’s design speed and real-world driving conditions.
The reason is not recklessness or unnecessary caution. Rather, many drivers cannot clearly see lane boundaries when pavement markings are obscured by snow, visibility is poor, and roadway lighting is limited. In response, drivers naturally slow down. While understandable, large speed differentials within the same traffic stream can increase risk, contributing to sudden braking, unsafe passing, and elevated stress. In such situations, driving well below the speed limit does not necessarily translate into safer driving.
I would like to add a point of comparison from personal experience. During the years I lived and drove regularly in Washington DC and Virginia, nighttime driving felt different. Many highways and major roads there are equipped with well-maintained reflective road studs, which provide continuous visual guidance even in darkness or poor weather. This made a meaningful difference: I felt more confident, less stressed, and better able to maintain a steady and appropriate speed. That experience reinforced my belief that this issue is not primarily about driver behavior, but about infrastructure design.
This brings me to a practical and cost-effective solution: the targeted installation of reflective road studs (raised pavement markers) on key road segments. These devices are widely used across the United States to improve lane visibility, particularly under low-light and adverse weather conditions. Compared to installing or maintaining roadway lighting, reflective road studs are relatively inexpensive while delivering substantial benefits.
Based on typical U.S. transportation cost ranges, installing reflective road studs generally costs between $8,000 and $15,000 per mile per direction, depending on spacing and materials. For perspective, equipping the approximately 75-mile corridor between Albany and Cooperstown would likely cost between $1.2 and $2.3 million for both directions, with a reasonable mid-range estimate of about $1.5 million. This is largely a one-time investment spread across many years of use and thousands of drivers.
Reflective road studs do not encourage speeding. Instead, they help drivers better “read the road,” maintain speeds consistent with roadway design, reduce abrupt speed changes, and create more predictable traffic flow. The benefits extend beyond safety alone, supporting older drivers, building confidence for newer drivers, and improving mobility in rural areas where darkness and winter weather are unavoidable.
At a time when infrastructure budgets are constrained, targeted investments matter. Improving road visibility through reflective road studs is a modest investment with meaningful returns. By helping drivers clearly read the road, these markers enhance safety, reduce stress, and support smoother traffic flow. Just as importantly, they help preserve what many of us value about driving in Upstate New York: the ability to enjoy nighttime travel with confidence rather than tension. By strengthening drivers’ sense of safety, we do not make roads faster—we make them safer, calmer, and keep driving at night both functional and enjoyable for everyone who depends on it.
Dr. Tran is a Resident of Cobleskill and Professor at SUNY Cobleskill
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